Connectivity Solutions in Automated Trading
Abstract
The study analyzes the architecture and deployment of direct market access (DMA) solutions for automated trading of securities. It provides an overview of automated trading systems including: trading floor architecture, trading environment connectivity, and DMA solutions. Among a range of factors influencing operational capacities, round-trip latency has been recognized as the key quality differentiator of an automated trading floor. The study identifies potential opportunity costs due to latency levels as a major driver of technological progress in trading in highly liquid market conditions.
References
J.L. Teall, “Financial Trading and Investing,” Waltham, MA: Elsevier Academic Press, 2013.
T. Hendershott, R. Riordan, “High Frequency Trading and Price Discovery,” working paper, University of California at Berkeley, 2011.
J. Brogaard, “High frequency trading and its impact on market quality,” working paper, SSRN, 2010.
T. Hendershott, R. Riordan, “Algorithmic trading and information,” Working Paper 09-08, NET Institute, 2010.
A. Kirilenko, P. Kyle, M. Samadi, T. Tuzun, “The impact of high-frequency trading on an electronic market,” working paper, University of Maryland, 2010.
A. Admati, P. Peiderer, “The Value of Information in Speculative Trading,” Research paper 782, Stanford University Graduate School of Business, 1984.
S.J. Grossman, J.E. Stiglitz, “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets,” American Economic Review, vol. 70, pp. 393-408, June 1984.
A.W. Lo, “Hedge Funds: An Analytic Perspective,” revised and expanded ed., Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010.
W.G. Lewellen, R.C. Lease, G.G. Schlarbaum, “Patterns of Investment Strategy and Behavior Among Individual Investors,” The Journal of Business, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 296-333, July 1977.
B.M. Barber, T. Odean T., “The Internet and the Investor,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 41-54, Winter 2001.
G. Jackson, R. Deeg, “Comparing Capitalisms: Understanding Institutional Diversity and Its Implications for International Business,” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 39, pp. 540–561, 2008. DOI:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400375.
J. Loveless, “Connecting to New Markets: Eight Costliest Network Mistakes,” Traders Magazine Online News of September 18, 2015.
A. Kessler, D. Malik, M. Risca, “Trading Floor Architecture,” Cisco Systems Inc, 2008.
I. Marić, “Low Latency Communications,” presented at the Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA 2013), San Diego, CA, February 10-15, 2013, arXiv:1302.5662 [cs.IT].
S. Siu, W.H. Tseng, H.F. Hu, Sh.Y. Lin, Ch.Sh. Liao, Y.L. Lai, “In-Band Asymmetry Compensation for Accurate Time/Phase Transport over Optical Transport Network,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 408613. DOI: 10.1155/2014/408613.
S.W. Ho, “On the interplay between Shannon's information measures and reliability criteria,” 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT, June 28-July 3 2009. DOI: 10.1109/ISIT.2009.5205836.
L.R. Varshney, S.K. Mitter, V.K. Goyal, “An Information-Theoretic Characterization of Channels That Die,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 5711-5724, 2012.
JSE, “The lowest-latency connection to JSE markets,” Johannesburg: The Johannesburg Stock Exchange, April 2014.
JSE, “JSE launches high tech Colocation Centre,” Johannesburg: The Johannesburg Stock Exchange, May 14, 2014.
J. Hasbrouck, G. Saar, “Low-Latency Trading,” Journal of Financial Markets, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 646–679, November 2013.
J. Brogaard, T. Hendershott, R. Riordan, “High Frequency Trading and Price Discover,” The European Central Bank Working Paper Series, No. 1602 / November 2013.
A.J. Menkveld “High frequency trading and the new market makers,” Journal of Financial Markets, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 712–740, November 2013.
Virtu, Form S-1: Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 filed by Virtu Financial Inc. on March 10, 2014.
M. Aitken, D. Cumming, F. Zhan, “Trade size, high-frequency trading, and colocation around the world,” The European Journal of Finance, no. 12/2014. DOI:10.1080/1351847X.2014.917119.
A.W. Lo, H. Mamaysky, J. Wang “Foundations of Technical Analysis: Computational Algorithms, Statistical Inference, and Empirical Implementation,” The Journal of Finance, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1705-1765, August 2000.
L. Blume, D. Easley, M. O’Hara, “Market Statistics and Technical Analysis: The Role of Volume,” The Journal of Finance, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 153-181, March 1994.
R.D. Edwards, J. Magee, W.H.C. Bassetti, “Technical Analysis of Stock Trends,” ninth edition, CRC Press, 2007.
Th. Foucault, O. Kadan, E. Kandel, “Limit Order Book as a Market for Liquidity,” The Review of Financial Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1171-1217, Winter 2005.
C.M. Jones, “What Do We Know About High-Frequency Trading?,” Columbia Business School Research Paper No. 13-11, 2013.
M. O’Hara, “What Is a Quote?,” The Journal of Trading, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 10-16, Spring 2010. DOI: 10.3905/JOT.2010.5.2.010.
I. Poirier, “High-frequency trading and the flash crash: structural weaknesses in the securities markets and proposed regulatory responses,” Hastings Bus. LJ 445, 2012.
R.J. Riordan, “The Economics of Algorithmic Trading,” doctoral thesis presented in the Universität Karlsruhe (TH), 2009.
T. Chordia, R. Roll, A. Subrahmanyam, “Market Liquidity and Trading Activity,” The Journal of Finance, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 501-530, April, 2001.
M.K. Brunnermeier, L.H. Pedersen, “Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity,” NYU Stern Working Paper Series, SC-AM-05-06, 2005.
R. Freeman, “Fundamentals of Telecommunications,” John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
J. Teubner, L. Woods, Ch. Nie, “XLynx—An FPGA-based XML Filter for Hybrid XQuery Processing,” ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 38, no. 4, Article XX, 2013. DOI: 10.1145.
C.C. Moallemi, M. Sağlan, “The Cost of Latency in High-Frequency Trading,” Operations Research, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 1070–1086, 2013.
Y. Amihud, H. Mendelson, “Liquidity and Asset Prices: Financial Management Implications,” Financial Management, vol. 17, no. 1., pp. 5-15, Spring, 1988.
J.F. Egginton, B.F. Van Ness, R.A. Vann Ness, “Quote Stuffing,” 2014. Available at SSRN: DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1958281.
M. Khan, H. Lu, “Do Short Sellers Front-Run Insider Sales?,” The Accounting Review, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 1743-1768, September 2013.
B. Bias, Th. Foucault, S. Moinas, “Equilibrium High Frequency Trading,” Proceedings from the fifth annual Paul Woolley Centre conference, London School of Economics, 2011.
B. Jovanovic, A. Menkveld, “Middlemen in limit order markets,” working paper, New York University, 2010.
Th. Foucault, A. Roell, P. Sandas, “Market making with costly monitoring: an analysis of the SOES controversy,” Review of Financial Studies, no. 16, pp. 345-384, 2003.
Á. Cartea, J. Penalva, “Where is the Value in High Frequency Trading?,” 2011. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.1712765.
Hunsader E.S.--Nanex LLP twitter.com/nanexllc/status/632610118874501120, August 15, 2015. Retrieved on October 9, 2015.
A. Kirilenko, G. Lamacie, “Latency and Asset Prices,” Working Paper, 2015.
BM&F Bovespa, Ofício circular 001/2011-DP, São Paulo: Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange, 2011.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.