A verification technique for multiple soft fault diagnosis of linear analog circuits
Abstract
The paper deals with multiple soft fault diagnosis of linear analog circuits. A fault verification method is developed that allows estimating the values of a set of the parameters considered as potentially faulty. The method exploits the transmittance of the circuit and is based on a diagnostic test leading to output signal in discrete form. Applying Z-transform a diagnostic equation is written which is next reproduced. The obtained system of equations consisting of larger number of equations than the number of the parameters is solved using appropriate numerical approach. The method is adapted to real circumstances taking into account scattering of the fault–free parameters within their tolerance ranges and some errors produced by the method. In consequence, the results provided by the method have the form of ranges including the values of the tested parameters. To illustrate the method two examples of real electronic circuits are given.
References
M. Aminian, F. Aminian, “A modular fault–diagnosis system for analog electronic circuits using neural networks with wavelet transform as a preprocessor”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 56: pp. 1546-1554, 2007. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2007.904549
S. Bhunia, A. Raychowdhury, K. Roy, (2005). Defect oriented testing of analog circuits using wavelet analysis of dynamic supply current. J. Electron Test., 21: 147-159. doi: 10.1007/s10836-005-6144-3
M. Catelani, A. Fort, “Soft fault detection and isolation in analog circuits: some results and a comparison between a fuzzy approach and radial basis function networks”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur., vol. 51, pp. 196-202, 2002. doi: 10.1109/19.997811
Z. Czaja, R. Zielonko, “On fault diagnosis of analogue electronic circuits based on transformations in multi–dimentional spaces”, Measurement, vol. 35, pp. 293-301, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2003.10.004
Z. Czaja, “Using a square-wave signal for fault diagnostic of analog parts of mixed-signal electronic embedded systems”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 57, pp. 1589-1595, 2008. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2008.925342
H. Dai, T.M. Souders, “Time–domain testing strategies and fault diagnosis for analog systems”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 19, pp. 157-162, 1990. doi: 10.1109/19.50436
Y. Deng, Y. Shi, W. Zhang, “An approach to locate parametric faults in nonlinear analog circuits”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 61, pp. 358-367, 2012. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2011.2161930
G. Fedi, S. Manetti, M.C. Picirilli, J. Starzyk, “Determination of an optimum set of testable components in the fault diagnosis of analog linear circuits”, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst.-I., vol. 46, pp 779-787, 1999. doi: 10.1109/81.774222
D. Gizopoulos, Advances in electronic testing. Challenges and methodologies. Springer, Dordrecht, 2006.
F. Grasso, A. Luchetta, S. Manetti, M.C. Piccirilli, “A method for the automatic selection of test frequencies in analog fault diagnosis”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur., vol. 56, pp. 2322-2329, 2007. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2007.907947
Z. Guo, J. Savir, (2006) “Coefficient–based test of parametric faults in analog circuits” IEEE Trans. Instr. Measur., vol. 55, pp. 150-157, 2006. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2005.861490
M. Jahangiri, F. Razaghian, “Fault detection in analogue circuits using hybrid evolutionary algorithm and neural network”, Analog Int. Cir. Sig. Proc., vol. 80, pp. 551-556, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10470-014-0352-7
P. Kabisatpathy, A. Barua, S. Sinha, Fault diagnosis of analog integrated circuits. Springer, Dordrecht,2005.
E.W. Kamen, B.S. Heck, Fundamentals of signals and systems using the Web and Matlab. Second Editions. Prentice Hall. Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. 07458, 2000.
B. Long, M. Li, H. Wang, S. Tian, “Diagnostics of analog circuits based on LS_SVM using time-domain features”, Circuits Syst. Signal Process., vol. 32, pp. 2683-2706, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00034-013-9614-3
A. Materka, M. Strzelecki, “Parametric testing of mixed-signal circuits by ANN processing of transient responses”, Journal of Electronic Testing., vol. 9, pp. 187-202, 1996. doi: 10.1007/BF00137574
D.K. Papakostas, A.A Hatzopoulos, “A unified procedure for fault detection of analog and mixed-mode circuits using magnitude and phase components of the power supply current spectrum”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur., vol. 57, pp. 2589-2995 2008. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2008.924932
M. Peng, C.K. Tse, M. Shen, K. Xie, “Fault diagnosis of analog circuits using systematic tests based on data fusion”, Circuits Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 32, pp. 525-539, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s00034-012-9487-x
A, Robotycki, R. Zielonko, “Fault diagnosis of analog piecewise linear circuits based on homotopy”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements, vol. 51, pp. 867-881, 2002. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2002.803515
R. Sałat, S, Osowski, “Support Vector Machine for soft fault location in electrical circuits”, J. Intelligent Fuzzy Systems., vol. 22, pp. 21-31, 2011. doi: 10.3233/IFS-2010-0471
S. Sindia, V.D. Agrawal, V. Singh, “Parametric fault testing of non-linear analog circuits based on polynomial and V-transform coefficients”, J. Electron Test., vol. 28, pp. 757-771, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s10836-012-5326-z
J. Starzyk, D. Liu, “Multiple fault diagnosis of analog circuits based on large change sensitivity analysis”, in Proceedings of European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Finland, August 28-31, 2001, pp. I-241-I-244.
M. Tadeusiewicz, S. Hałgas, “Global and local parametric diagnosis of analog short-channel CMOS circuits using homotopy-simplicial algorithm”, Int. J. Circ. Theor. Appl., vol. 42, pp. 1051-1068, 2014. doi: 10.1002/cta.1904
M. Tadeusiewicz, M. Korzybski, “A method for fault diagnosis in linear electronic circuits”, Int. J. Circ. Theory Appl., vol. 28, pp. 245-262, 2000. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-007X(200005/06)28:3<245::AID-CTA103>3.0.CO;2-X
M. Tadeusiewicz, S. Hałgas, “An algorithm for multiple fault diagnosis in analog circuits”, Int. J. Circ. Theory Appl., vol. 34, pp. 607-615, 2006. doi: 10.1002/cta.374
M. Tadeusiewicz, S. Hałgas, M. Korzybski, „An algorithm for soft-fault diagnosis of linear and nonlinear circuits”, IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst.-I., vol. 49, pp. 1648-1653, 2002. doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2002.804596
M. Tadeusiewicz, S, Hałgas, “Multiple soft fault diagnosis of nonlinear circuits using the continuation method”, J. Electron. Test., vol. 28, pp. 487-493, 2012. doi: 10.1007/s10836-012-5306-3
M. Tadeusiewicz, S. Hałgas, “A new approach to multiple soft fault diagnosis of analog BJT and CMOS circuits”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measur., vol. 64, pp. 2688-2695, 2015. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2015.2421712
M. Tadeusiewicz, S. Hałgas, “Multiple soft fault diagnosis of DC analog CMOS circuits designed in nanometer technology”, Analog Int. Cir. Sig. Proc., vol. 88, pp. 65-77, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s10470-016-0752-y
M. Tadeusiewicz, A. Kuczyński, S. Hałgas, “Catastrophic fault diagnosis of a certain class of nonlinear analog circuits”, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 34, pp. 353-375, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00034-014-9857-7
W. Toczek, Z. Czaja, “Diagnosis of fully differential circuits based on a fault dictionary implemented in the microcontroller systems”, Microelectronic Reliability, vol. 51, pp. 1413-1421, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2011.02.022
R.E. White, Elements of matrix modeling and computing with MATLAB. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton FL, 2007.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.